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| Can anyone explain how they have come to this! and not just on the fact that MS are willing to pay $500M for 5%. |
As with any valuation, that's exactly the basis for it. It's how much someone (or group) is prepared to pay. It's a loose paper valuation of course, MS would be part paying in MS stock, and that's not to say that other buyers would pay that premium.
MS are a special buyer. For them it's all about advertising revenue. Google stole the internet show when they launched Adwords back in 2001, and it's a piece of that market that Microsoft want. Facebook = lots of eyeballs + extensive data on the users who are viewing it.
That enables very targetted advertising. That's worth a lot of money to Microsoft, and they need to get in there before Google do.
Sometimes leapfrogging a competitor requires making a silly offer that you know the recipient can't refuse.